Can the Opposition of Fundamentalists to Homosexuals and Homosexuality be Explained as a Cultural Trait?

If I recall, Hegel somewhere states that commonplace things are often not clearly understood -- precisely because they are so common.  That is, he points out the irony that our familiarity with something can lead us into assuming we understand it, when we really do not.

I was reminded of that today because it has rather suddenly occurred to me that I do not -- genuinely do not -- understand why so many fundamentalists cannot accept homosexuals and homosexuality.  Or, more precisely, I do not understand why they have the attitude that they have towards homosexuals and homosexuality.

That realization has caught me off guard.  I always assumed I understood their attitude.  But I see now that what I really understood was merely the attitude itself and not the reasons for it.

Of course, I am familiar with a number of more or less popular explanations for their attitude.  But those explanations fail to satisfy me now.  I'm not sure they ever really did.  Consider this: Suppose you and I were to suddenly wake up tomorrow and, instead of finding fundamentalists upset with homosexuality, we were to discover they were upset -- hugely upset -- with eating shellfish.

Further suppose that, as the days, weeks, and months went by, there was no let up in their animosity towards eating shellfish. Suppose they began publishing books about it, making films decrying it, preaching from the pulpits against it, and lobbying for laws to abolish it. 

What would you think when you saw politicians come out against eating shellfish, calling the practice an "abomination" that, if unchecked, will inevitably lead to the corruption of youth, the destruction of families, and the decline of civilization?  Would you simply say, "Well, their attitude is understandable because the Bible prohibits the practice"?  Or would you be more likely to experience shock and wonder?

I think I would have just as hard of a time grasping why so many fundamentalists were so vehemently opposed to eating shellfish as I have had grasping why so many fundamentalists are opposed to homosexuals and homosexuality.  What would seem most striking to me is how out of proportion their response to eating shellfish is to any possible offense it might reasonably give.  In brief, I would think an irrational madness had overcome them -- and I would wonder why -- why?

As I hinted before, I have heard many explanations for why so many fundamentalists "respond negatively" to homosexuality.  But that phrase, "respond negatively", doesn't begin to capture the depths of their apparent fear and animosity.  Fundamentalists commonly speak of homosexuality as a plague that will destroy churches, families, communities, and civilizations.  That is not the language of mere "negativity". 

Nor is it mere "negativity" when millions of dollars are spent opposing homosexuality. Or when missionaries travel abroad dedicated to spreading the opposition to homosexuality in places like Uganda. 

The response of fundamentalists to homosexuality seems to me out of all proportion to the offense.  That is, I can imagine myself having negative feelings towards homosexuals and homosexuality.  My imagination takes me that far, but no further.  It cannot conceive of my putting so much effort, so many of my resources, into opposing homosexuality even if I did have negative feelings towards it.

Suppose I had an allergic reaction to shellfish.  Suppose I became sick after eating a meal of shrimp.  Would I then become obsessed with abolishing shellfish from the world's menus?  Would I come to think of shellfish as dangerous to youth, families, churches, communities, and even whole civilizations?  I cannot -- simply cannot -- believe I would.  But to me, the fundamentalist activism against homosexuals and homosexuality makes no more sense than that.

The closest I can come at this moment to understanding why so many fundamentalists actively oppose homosexuality is to look at it like this:  Perhaps it all started out in some small way as, more or less, a mere distaste for homosexuals and homosexuality.  Or perhaps it has it's deepest roots in the so called, "ick factor" -- the visceral feelings of embarrassment and so forth that so many of us have when thinking about -- or witnessing -- someone else displaying sexual affection.  Maybe it all began in some such relatively mild way.

And then what?  Could it have snowballed from such slight beginnings?  Could it have progressed from mere distaste for homosexuality and homosexuals into animosity?  Thence to active opposition?  Until, at some point, it became institutionalized, traditional?  Put differently, is the fundamentalist attitude to be grasped as a cultural trait?

Our culture is something that most of us do not in the main examine deeply enough to question.  And yet, we mindlessly act in accord with it.  Sometime ago, I was discussing that with an online friend of mine, who is an Egyptian.  He was telling me of his difficulty in coming to grips with the fact that his maternal grandfather, who is an educated and humane man, had blindly followed the local tradition of allowing his daughter to be circumcised. That is, my friend simply could not grasp how his grandfather -- for all his education, for all his humanity, for all his love of his daughter -- had allowed such a tragedy to occur. But that, you see, is the power that culture can -- and often does -- have over us. Even the best of us.

So I am left wondering this evening whether culture in some significant sense explains the disproportionate response of many fundamentalists to homosexuals and homosexuality?

What do you think?  I would greatly appreciate your help and insights.

18 comments:

  1. "What would you think when you saw politicians come out against eating shellfish, calling the practice an "abomination" that, if unchecked, will inevitably lead to the corruption of youth, the destruction of families, and the decline of civilization?"

    I would eat broiled scallops and oyster stew for dinner, out of spite!

    I too have trouble wrapping my head around this bigotry. Homosexuality has existed as long as the human race has, so it's not as if this is a new phenomenon. Nor do I think the "ick' factor is the main driving force. After all, some people think eating raw oysters is gross, but they don't try to outlaw the sale of raw oysters or stereotype oyster connoseurs as depraved monsters.

    I could produce the usual academic answer -- that fundamentalists fear anything that upsets their heteronormative worldview -- but that doesn't explain their visceral hatred. Repressed same-sex desires within themselves might be driving homophobes, but why this would morph into homophobia in THIS era is unclear.

    Sorry I can't offer more insight!

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    1. It actually helps that you're as stumped as I am, Ahab. I don't feel so alone now.

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  2. When I think of a "fundamentalist," I think of someone holding up the Bible as the absolute word of a wrathful God who will punish in "hell" anyone who does not faithfully follow that "word" in every aspect. That fanaticism I have never been able to understand because I figured out early on that "holy" book was written and edited many times by a bunch of "unholy" men.

    When people blindly follow what someone else preaches without checking resources, warped perspective happens and I suppose that is why they hate homosexuals with such intensity. I'm sure if the Bible had forbidden shellfish, there would be a lot more oysters in the ocean. It did forbid pork and a lot of folks still think it's sinful to consume.

    Those same fundamentalist abhor abortion as much as homosexuality, but most of them don't know it was an acceptable form of birth control in Biblical days...the reason it is not forbidden in the Bible. They need to take control of their own minds and use a little common sense instead of allowing others to dictate to them what is right and what is wrong or how vengeful God is.

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    1. While I find myself in large agreement with you, Anna Maria, I also think the animosity of fundamentalists to homosexuality goes far beyond the fact homosexuality -- at least, male homosexuality -- seems prohibited in the Bible. There are many things prohibited in the Bible that fundamentalists don't react to with anything near the same animosity as they react to homosexuality. So, either I'm missing your point, or the fundamentalist response to homosexuality cannot be entirely explained as motivated by the Biblical prohibition of it.

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    2. I agree Paul...that for some, men in particular, homophobia goes beyond fear of Hell. I knew a man who refused to have a colonoscopy because of his phobia. I've heard other men protest to it to the point of ridiculous. What causes that, I have no idea...I'm a woman and most of us don't protest lesbians all that angrily. Neither do most men. :)

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    3. That's a good point about the fear of homosexuality not -- at least, not as often -- applying to women. It makes you wonder, doesn't it? I mean, if homosexuality is so bad in men, why isn't it so bad in women? Thanks!

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  3. I don't understand the visceral- ness of it either, but here's a possible insight:

    First of all, let's agree that the Fundamentalist's claim that homosexual tendencies are learned and voluntarily adopted by those born heterosexual is fundamentally wrong. Next, consider that research has shown that about 10% of the general population is born with some degree of homosexual tendencies. If this is true, then therefore about 10% of Fundamentalists are born with homosexual tendencies that they are forced hide... How better to hide one's homosexual tendencies than to become the most vociferous antagonist of homosexuals this side of paradise? The high stakes of this game would, without doubt, lend to a flavor of visceral-ness the attacks...
    .

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    1. I can believe that would motivate some fundamentalists to viscerally oppose homosexuality, Garnet, but what of the fundamentalists who viscerally oppose homosexuality yet do not themselves have any homosexual tendencies? I think they remain a mystery.

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    2. As an afterthought, Garnet, it may well be that no one reason exists for the deep animosity of fundamentalists, and that the insight you offer is part of the explanation, but not the whole of it. At any rate, thanks for the insight!

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  4. I think a lot of it has to do with the need certain types of people have for an external order, an exoskeleton sparing them from having to consider life as it comes. And for most such people and cultures, gender role is a huge part of that order. Men run things. Women have the babies and obey. Men are sexual aggressors. Women are sexually controlled. Now throw in the wrench of two men or two women who bond sexually and completely upend the hierarchy, because there is no longer any role stratification except whatever pleases the couple at a given moment. It threatens the whole social order as the fundamentalist sees it.

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  5. Paul -- I almost forgot. A humor website called God Hates Shrimp tackles this very issue.

    https://www.facebook.com/godhatesshrimp

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    1. That's a hilarious premiss for a site! I've "liked" it. Thanks, Ahab!

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  6. I think it's likely a combination of those two great forces, nurture and nature.

    You are definitely on to something when you pinpoint culture. Like you noted in the beginning of this post, we often don't critically examine that which is commonplace. Many people are simply born into and raised in a culture which doesn't accept homosexuality. It's learned, and accepted, without any thought. It's the same way that racism or tribalism is spread. After all, there's no inherent reason why the Tutsi should consider the Hutus as their natural enemy; but that's the culture they've been immersed in from childhood. (And perhaps that explains my visceral curl of disgust at Bears fans!)

    But there is also nature. You present the example of shellfish, and how ridiculous such virulent opposition to it would seem to us. And while there is some animosity over what people eat, it just isn't as a distinguishing feature as sexuality.

    Humans naturally are inclined towards an us vs them, a "in-group" vs "out-group" mentality. We treat those within our group as brothers, and we treat those outside our group, those unlike us, with deep suspicion. This too can explain why our species is so prone to racism. And you gotta admit, humans (and our culture) does have a pretty deep fascination with sex. It is at once exciting and powerfully motivating... and strangely taboo. So perhaps we are that much more naturally inclined towards these divisions based upon sex and sexual inclination, since it is something we think about so often anyway (and a way we have a habit of defining a whole person as to boot).

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    1. Lemur, your comment struck me as so brilliant that, I confess, I have been thinking of stealing it. You've substantially explained the way culture operates on us more succinctly and better than I did, among other things. Please remind me to propose marriage to you in at least six of our reincarnations!

      I was especially struck by your reference to the traditional animosity between Tutis and Hutus. That seems perfectly analogous to the animosity between fundamentalists and homosexuals.

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  7. Thanks for the link to this post, Paul. I spent most of the weekend down with my bad back and did not see this post. I am adding my list to the responses to your post:

    Here are my brainstorm thoughts in response to Paul’s questions:
    •Religions that take a strong offense to homosexuality take the doctrinal position that the few scriptures that appear to condemn homosexuality trump the greater number of scriptures that talk about loving one another and not judging each other.
    •The motivation of people who take a strong offense to homosexuality range from genuine love to fanatical anger.
    •Homosexuality is “different” for most people. It is easy to be afraid of something or someone who is different.
    •People’s perceptions of gay sex make them think it is wrong. I wrote about that in the second through fourth paragraphs here and throughout another post here.
    •Some people have a need to feel righteous. Good is constantly under attack from evil in their world. They feel homosexuality is evil, so righteous people like themselves need to fight it.
    •Some people think the only reason for sex is to produce children. If sexual relations cannot produce children the relations are wrong in the opinion of those people.
    •There are easy “do not make me think” reasons. Among Christians, “The Bible says . . .” Among Mormons, “The Prophet says . . .”
    •Among Mormons, the only eternal family is a husband and wife who are sealed in the temple.

    Here is the link to my full post in case any of your readers are interested: http://www.deanscottwritingandphotography.com/why-the-entirely-disproportionate-offense-at-homosexuality/

    Thanks for the questions and the feedback. Have a great night.

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    1. Sorry to hear about your back, Dean. Thank you for cross-posting here! I would recommend that anyone interested in this topic read your full post on it. To make that as convient as possible, I'll link through to it here.

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  8. I'm with Ahab. I'd probably throw shellfish parties, or write a pro-shellfish blog, or otherwise try to find the humor in such an idiotic mindset.

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  9. You know, I have never thought of it in that way. I would guess that the reason we don't look at anti-gay religious people so strangely is because there are a large number of hateful people who agree with them or are at least uncomfortable with the idea of "gay." I'm inclined to go back to that Durkheim post... I often feel like the religious crusade against equality is people stamping "religion" onto their bigotry in order to justify those values and hold them sacred. Christians like to write off most of the laws put forth in the Hebrew Scriptures as void now that we have our "new" covenant with the death of Christ, but we could count the instances in the Bible "condemning" homosexuality on our fingers. However, there are HUNDREDS of passages condemning adultery. We don't see people stomping around with Scarlet As because I think each of us can imagine cheating on someone, if only because we recognize that we are still attracted to other people in the world. However, most of us cannot quite imagine what it is like to be attracted to the same sex, because most of us are heterosexual. I think it is that "otherness" that allows people to so easily rally their hatred behind something, just as we hear so many people say damaging, ignorant things about Muslims. It's easy to demonize something we don't understand and worship our own fears and values, as Durkheim might have said.

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